MRS. SANDRA NOGUERA - SIXTH GRADE

MATH AND SCIENCE, ALTAMIRA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Evaluando de manera general el desempeño de los estudiantes en los talleres sobre técnicas de actuación, resaltaré que son recursivos y originales a la hora de desarrollar propuestas e improvisar situaciones. Unos con mayor habilidad que otros; sin embargo, la pobre capacidad para escuchar, seguir instrucciones y la falta de disposición de algunos, incidió enormemente en su calificación.

Para el cierre de este logro deberán cumplir con dos trabajos: El primero, responde a un proyecto grupal que consiste en la puesta en escena de diferentes situaciones a partir de un nombre. Aunque debe cumplir con las especificaciones dadas en clase, puede ser una muestra de iniciativa y creatividad. “Siéntanse en libertad de superar mis expectativas.” Los grupos y las fechas de presentación se indican a continuación:

Jueves 8 de abril

HISTORIAS FALSAS
Daniel Robles
Manuela Móseres
María José Ramírez
María Luisa CamargoAndrés Guzmán

CLASIFICADOS ABSURDOS
Juan Pablo Pabón
Luis Felipe Tristancho
Melissa Calderón
Diana Rueda

Viernes 9 de abril
PALABRAS INVENTADAS
Juan David Echeverría
Valeria Stevenson
Manuel Charris
María Isabel Londoño


ANIMALES RAROS
Renato Feoli
Sebastián Jassir
Viviana Martínez
Natalia Franco
Carolina Forero


Para el segundo trabajo, serán asignados nuevos grupos y se les entregará un libreto. Deberán aplicar los esquemas de montaje y las técnicas de actuación recomendadas en clase para garantizar una excelente puesta en escena. (Revisar correo electrónico del alumno) No deben olvidar que los parlamentos deben ser memorizados, no leídos.

Al regreso de Semana Santa, los chicos tienen que haber estudiado los conceptos sobre "EL ANÁLISIS SINTÁCTICO DE LA ORACIÓN" que están cuidadosamente descritos en una fotocopia que se les entregó el viernes; y que además, hice llegar a sus correos. Cabe resaltar, que no se trata de nada que antes no hayan visto, pues los estudiantes ya deben poseer un conocimiento previo de este tema.
Por consiguiente, y como un medio de poner en práctica lo leído, deben realizar la ficha de aplicación que envié a sus respectivos correos y la cual necesitan descargar, completar y reenviarme.
Por último, es de suma importancia que cumplan con la lectura completa del libro " El Adulto y el Sastre", correspondiente a uno de los textos del plan lector para este trimestre y sobre el cual, mencioné ya en dos comunicados anteriores, había disponibilidad en la librería Panamericana de Villa Country. Tengan en cuenta que estos textos juegan un papel importante en la evaluación trimestral.

On Friday you are having the quiz of Frequency Tables and Line Plots. You will find exercises in the following links:

http://www.ixl.com/math/practice/grade-6-create-frequency-tables
http://www.ixl.com/math/practice/grade-6-create-line-plots


SATURDAY'S ACTION :

Today you can help build a cleaner and safer world. Learn how you can help reach Millennium Development Goal number 7!

Things you can do to make a difference
1. Learn more about Goal #7 from the United Nations site just for kids. http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/mdgs/index.html

2. Learn more about our rainforests and all the amazing things they provide from medicines to rare species of insects and animals.

http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm

3. Find out 50 things you can do to help make the world a cleaner and healthier place. http://www.justgive.org/html/guide/50waysenvironment.html

4. If you want to learn about water: how we've made it dirty and how we can make it clean go to http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/kids/ and find fun games for kids from kindergarten through high school that will tell you all about keeping our waters clean.

5. If you want a bottle of water, buy Ethos brand. They donate proceeds of the sale to clean water projects in developing nations. You can watch a video diary on Ethos projects in Kenya. http://www.ethoswater.com/

6. Have a party to educate your friends on the environment and show Vice President Al Gore's movie on global warming called An Inconvenient Truth. Visit the movie's website to learn more about how they made the movie, facts about global warming and ways you can make a difference.

http://www.climatecrisis.net/aboutthefilm/


SUNDAY'S ACTION:


You may not know it, but if you participated in even one "how you can make a difference" activity, you have made a difference.

The final goal is Millennium Development goal #8. It may not seem like something you can make a lot of difference in, but you can.

You may not have a job yet, but you have a voice and it's your voice that will make the world a better place. Start telling the world we need change and you can help reach goal #8!

Things You Can Do to Make A Difference

1. Learn about the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 that President Bush signed into legislation. This law makes rich corporate farmers richer and developing nations more impoverished. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ncpa.org/dpd/icons/env.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ncpa.org/dpd/weekly/2002/pd081502.html&h=61&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=cxp4-_VUw54-KM:&tbnh=50&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcorporate%2Bcorn%2Bfarm%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

2. Speak out against unfair child labor practices. Did you know the cacao in a Nestles chocolate bar or bag of M & Ms may have been picked by someone only 8 years old? See what your class can do to end the use of child labor.
http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/fairtradeintheclassroom.html

3. Did you know 218 million children around the world are used as slave labor. Learn about World Child Labor Day held every June 12th http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/wdacl/2006/index.htm and Join S.C.R.E.A.M. (Supporting Children's Rights through Eaducation, the Arts and Media) http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/scream/index.htm

4. Find out what kinds of food you can buy with the Fair Trade logo, ensuring farmers in poorer countries get a fair amout of money for their product. http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/retailers.html

5. Connect with kids from other parts of the world and find out what they think about these issues at http://www.chattheplanet.com/ This is for kids from all over the globe. It has blogs and weekly video meetings you can participate in and ways you can take action. Learning about your global neighbors is one of the best actions you can take.

6 This is a great site dealing with all sorts of environmental issues and wildlife. It has a blog, contests, games, a club you can join, it even can help you with your homework. Check it out, it's a lot of fun! stuff.

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/climate/scientists/index.cfm

7. Send this link to a friend and let them know it's up to them to make the world a better place; and that they can by taking AN ACTION A DAY.
http://meetingthegoals2015.tripod.com

Hooray it's Friday!! Today you can help reach Millennium Development Goal number #6 by helping combat the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases!
9 Million Kids are without a mother because she died of a preventable or treatable disease.

38.6 million people by the end of 2005 were infected with HIV. If you haven't heard of HIV or AIDS it's time to learn. HIV/AIDS is a horrible disease that can be stopped with proper treatment and preventions.

Every day 1500 children under the age of 15 become infected with the HIV virus and almost all of these children live in Africa.

Also, most of these children became infected in utero. That means they became sick while they were in their mothers bellies. Many more become sick from breastfeeding from their sick mothers. By the end of 2005 over 2 million children in Africa were living with the HIV/AIDS virus.

Millions of adults are dying too. Before Africa was devastated by HIV/AIDS the average adult could expect to live for about 62 years. With HIV/AIDS now plaguing the continent that person will now probably live only 47 years.

HIV/AIDS can be prevented through proper education on its transmission or proper treatment if someone does become infected.

Malaria kills more people in Africa than HIV/AIDS. It's a disease you catch from the bite of a mosquito. This means someone can get malaria any time of the day, even if they are asleep.

The mosquito passes malaria from one person to the next.

If the mosquito has bitten someone with malaria, and then bites someone else, that person will probably get malaria too.

Malaria can be cured without any long lasting affect. We must stop HIV/AIDS and malaria before they destroy a whole generation!

HIV/AIDS and malaria cost poor countries lots of money because the people are not productive because they can not work.

Children are forced to stay home from school and take care of their sick parents. These kids will never get the proper education needed to get a good job and stay healthy.

Many of the children end up on their own after their parents die or they end up living with their grandparents who often don't have enough money or strength to care for them properly.


THINGS YOU CAN DO TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE


1. Read more facts on the devastation of HIV/AIDs, malaria and other preventable diseases striking people living in extreme poverty.

http://www.millenniumcampaign.org/site/pp.asp?c=grKVL2NLE&b=186386

2. Recognize World AIDS Day December 1, 2006. Show your commitment in the fight to stop the spread of AIDS and join events in your community. For events in the U.K. go to: http://www.worldaidsday.org/events_search.asp

3. Visit World AIDS Day myspace page and meet others working in the fight to eliminate HIV/AIDS by 2015.

http://www.myspace.com/worldaidsday

4. Be a TeenAIDS peerCorps volunteer. Participate in community awareness campaigns, fundraisers like bike-thons and walk-a-thons. http://www.teenaids.org/Home/WorldAIDSDay/tabid/646/Default.aspx

5. Learn about the Gap's new line of clothing and accessories developed by rock star and humanitarian, Bono. Each item is a distinctive red color. When you buy one of the t-shirts you'll not only look good, but feel good too since a portion of the proceeds goes to the fight to end HIV/AIDS.

http://www.gapinc.com/red/ or go to www.joinred.com

6. Buy a bed net to protect someone from malaria. A simple bed net will keep away the mosquitoes during the night. The night time is the most active time of day for a mosquito. Each bed net keeps mosquitos from biting children and their parents while they sleep. They will be safe from malaria.

http://www.nothingbutnets.net/index2.asp

7. Read what the United Nations cyberschool bus has to say on MDG 6 http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/mdgs/index.html

8. Show the world you're helping to Stamp Out AIDS, by sending your cards and letters with a USPS authorized AIDS Global Fund stamp. Each stamp has a cool microscopic image of the HIV virus. Proceeds of the cost go to the Global Fund's fight against AIDS. They come in sheets of 20 for $17.95.

www.jointheglobalfund.org/stampoutaids.asp

9. Sign the Declaration of Hope and show the world you support the global fund. When you sign the declaration, and provide your general location information, you will be added to an interactive map joining thousands of others across the world. Invite your friends to join too and see the interactive map grow and grow reaching all corners of the world. You can watch hope spread!

www.jointheglobalfund.org/hopespreads.asp



Today is Thursday and you can help reach Millennium Development Goal #4 and # 5 by helping to improve maternal health and reduce child mortality by 2015!

a young boy suffering from malaria
DID YOU KNOW 1200 CHILDREN DIED THIS HOUR FROM PREVENTABLE DISEASES

30,000 children every day die from diseases that could be treated if they lived in another part of the world. In the United States, and many other countries in the world, children are given vaccinations keeping them safe from diseases such as polio and small pox, but this doesn't happen everywhere.

Making sure kids are vaccinated for certain diseases is improving in developing nations. Now the world can say the crippling effects of polio have almost been wiped from the face of the earth, but this is not true for many other preventable illnesses.

Many children contract deadly bacterial infections because they are exposed to open sewage. Lack of proper sewage treatment means many people must throw their waste into the gutters spilling over onto where children play.

The lack of clean water is also a major factor in the spread of disease. In many places around the world there is no clean water to drink. If you drink dirty water you can become from very sick from all of the bad bacteria hidden inside of it.

If there is no clean water to drink that also means there is no clean water to wash your hands. When kids come inside to eat, after playing outside all day, they don't even have clean water to wash their hands. Germs travel from their hands to their mouths making it easy for them to become sick.

When bad bacteria enters your body, either through unclean drinking water or your unclean hands touching your mouth, it can give you diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea kills 3.5 million people each year. Most of those deaths are children.

Proper medical care and immunization is the key to preventing disease and education is the key to understanding how to stay healthy. Survival rates are twice as high if you are educated than it is for those children and mothers who have no education.

…AND ONE WOMAN EVERY MINUTE DIES

Proper pre-natal medical care for mothers-to-be would also reduce childhood deaths and death of the mother during child birth.

Pre-natal care is the type of doctor care a pregnant mother gets before she has her baby. The doctor will make sure the mother is eating well and getting all the right vitamins. The doctor will also check to see if the baby is growing at the right rate inside the mother and if something goes wrong the doctor will be able to help keep the mother and baby safe.

Entre lunes y martes, según el horario de cada curso, se realizó una evaluación sobre los conceptos presentados en clase y en un Power Point que posteriormente se envió a cada estudiante, para que repasara. En un análisis general del desempeño, es increible notar que teniendo todo el material , los resultados no fueron los esperados. En adición, se llevaron acabo las primeras presentaciones teatrales, me sorprendieron algunos grupos por su gran creatividad y capacidad de trabajo en equipo; sin embargo otros se destacaron por un pobre compromiso en el cumplimiento de la asignación. Hago un llamado a cada estudiante para que se esfuerce en participar más activamente y procurar ser productores con calidad.
Por otro lado, les recuerdo que para iniciar el desarrollo del plan lector correspondiente a esta parte del año, necesito que los estudiantes adquieran el texto " el adulto y el sastre" de venta en Panamericana. Tengan en cuenta que estos textos juegan un papel importante en la evaluación trimestral.
Finalmente, pongo en su conocimiento que en el desarrollo de esta semana estaremos realizando unos talleres sobre técnicas de actuación, los cuales no demandan del estudiante un conocimiento específico ; pero sí, una enorme disposición y una gran capacidad para escuchar y seguir instrucciones, únicos factores que podrían afectar su desempeño.
Es necesario que todo lo que hagamos denote que estamos siempre haciendo nuestro mejor esfuerzo.

Today is Wednesday and we can reach Millennium Development Goal #3 by each of us helping empower women and promoting gender equality by 2015!

THINGS YOU CAN DO TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE

1. Create awareness and prepare for the next International Women's Day on March 8th, 2007. This March you can be like one of the millions of girls around the world that stayed out of school on March 8th, 2006 in protest of gender inequality. http://www.millenniumcampaign.org/site/pp.asp?c=grKVL2NLE&b=186382

2. Here is another United Nations site for kids. The world knows you are the first generation that can see these goals are met. Here is a site where you can find information; whether you know a lot about the MDGs or just a little. There are also e-cards you can download and send to friends. There is even an MDG card game you can play. http://www.takingitglobal.org/themes/mdg/index.html

3. Did you know all kinds of kids from around the world are keeping blogs about the MDGs? Get inspired by reading an action blog on what other kids are doing to reach gender equality and accomplish MDG #3! http://www.takingitglobal.org/themes/mdg/goal3.html

GENDER EQUALITY AFFECTS EVERYONE

Did you know that women make up most of the labor force in the world? They produce 1/2 of the world's food supply and work 2/3 of all the working hours in a week. They also make less money than men doing the same jobs and often find themselves, more so than men, victims of poverty.

There are two times as many girls over the age of 15 than boys who can't read or write. Many countries, do not even allow girls to go to school at all. Some countries force girls to get married as young as 12 years old.

We must hear the voices of these young girls and women. They’re without power in many societies today and have very few chances of getting out of their predicament.

Every single one of the MDGs is linked to gender equality. Gender equality means boys and girls and men and women have equal rights and opportunities. It is thought that if the world can reach gender equality, more than half of the goals would be met as a result. Think about it. Do you think maybe we can achieve more than half the MDGs?

If a woman is educated she is less likely to contract deadly diseases. Diseases like AIDS/HIV. This means, if a woman becomes educated, she will more likely be able to remain a healthy mother. She will be a mom who can send her kids to school rather than needing them to stay home and tend to her, and all the household chores, while she is sick.

She is more likely to be able to feed and clothe her family because she will be given a fair wage and more opportunities to gain better employment.

She is less likely to die during child birth leaving her surviving children alone.

When gender equality is reached the world will be a better and smarter place.


Saint Patrick's Day is an Irish holiday celebrated all around the globe to honor the patron saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick. Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated each year on March 17th.


Who Was Saint Patrick?
Even though Saint Patrick the patron saint of Ireland and one of the most celebrated religious figures around the world, the factual information about his life and times is quite vague. Most information about St. Patrick has been twisted, embellished, or simply made up over centuries by storytellers, causing much ambiguity about the real life of St. Patrick. However, there are a some elements of his story about which most scholars accept to be true.

According to Coilin Owens, Irish literature expert and Professor Emeritus of English at George Mason University, Saint Patrick is traditionally thought to have lived "between 432-461 A.D., but more recent scholarship moves the dates up a bit." At the age of sixteen he was kidnapped from his native land of the Roman British Isles by a band pirates, and sold into slavery in Ireland. Saint Patrick worked as a shepherd and turned to religion for solace. After six years of slavery he escaped to the Irish coast and fled home to Britain.

While back in his homeland, Patrick decided to become a priest and then decided to return to Ireland after dreaming that the voices of the Irish people were calling him to convert them to Christianity.

After studying and preparing for several years, Patrick traveled back to Ireland as a Christian missionary. Although there were already some Christians living in Ireland, St. Patrick was able to bring upon a massive religious shift to Christianity by converting people of power. Says Prof. Owens, "[St. Patrick] is credited with converting the nobles; who set an example which the people followed."

But Patrick's desire to spread of Christianity was not met without mighty opposition. Prof. Owens explains, "Patrick ran into trouble with the local pagan priesthood, the druids: and there are many stories about his arguments with them as well as his survival of plots against them." He laid the groundwork for the establishment of hundreds of monasteries and churches that eventually popped up across the Irish country to promote Christianity.

Saint Patrick is also credited with bringing written word to Ireland through the promotion of the study of legal texts and the Bible, says Prof. Owens. Previous to Patrick, storytelling and history were reliant on memory and orally passing down stories.

Patrick's mission in Ireland is said to have lasted for thirty years. It is believe he died in the 5th century on March 17, which is the day St. Patrick's Day is commemorated each year.

The first year St. Patrick's Day was celebrated in America in 1737 in Boston, Massachusetts. The first official St. Patrick's Day parade was held in New York City in 1766. As the saying goes, on this day "everybody is Irish!" Over 100 U.S. cities now hold Saint Patrick's Day parades.

Students who are going to binationals please be sure you read pgs 98-99 and pgs 102-103 from your math book and do exercises 6-13 (Line Plots) and 8-16 (Mean, median and mode) in the notebook.
Don't forget to study for Science quiz about Matter, and please read pgs 238-248. After reading look for vocabulary words in pg 238 and write their definitions in the notebook.

I made a mistake in the papers I gave you about Science activities, you don't have to read pgs 496-502, our next lesson (Physical and Chemical Changes) is in pgs 238-248.
Please inform the rest of your classmates.

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Students used line plots to organize and display the data collected in different surveys. They used post it and markers to construct their line plots.

Today is Tuesday and you can help reach Millennium Development Goal #2 by helping to achieve universal primary education for all children in the world by 2015!

THINGS YOU CAN DO TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE
1. Visit the United Nations website on the MDGs especially for kids. It has posters, brochures, interactive maps and a site where you can send in how you feel about the MDGs. They'll post your thoughts for everyone to read! Kids from all around the world have added their thoughts and you can add yours too! Learn more about what you can do to ensure all kids get to go to school. http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/mdgs/goal2.asp#


2. Find out how to start an awareness campaign or hold a fundraiser with your school or activity group, maybe with your neighbors or just on your own. http://www.unicef.org/voy/takeaction/takeaction_97.html


3. Get involved with UNICEF. They want to hear from kids like you. http://www.unicef.org/voy/takeaction/takeaction_2334.html


4. Hold a school supplies drive collecting books and other school materials to send to schools in need. http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_education.html



Rules for Altamira Spelling Bee Contest:

There will be two groups: grades 2-3, grades 4-6. The following list of words will be used for the competition. The words are listed according to their difficulty A-W.

1. The first category – grades 2 - 3 will be responsible for words from the letter A category to the letter K category.
2. The second category – grades 4 – 6 will be responsible for words from the letter L category to the letter W category.
3. Teachers must give students a copy of the words that they must learn how to spell.
4. Teachers should make sure that students know the meaning of each of the words in their category range. Grades 2-3 – A to K Category; and Grades 4 – 6 – L to W Category. Grades 4-6 must know all the words in the A-K Category, as well !!
5. Semi- Finals – Teacher will select best spellers of a particular grade level to participate as representatives in the semi-finals of March 24. The selection of students to participate may be done by an internal room competition if the Language Arts teachers chooses to do so or by just a hand selection of students who are recognized as avid readers and good spellars.
6. Each class (grade section, for ex. 4 A) will send five finalists to the big round of Semi-Finals of March 25 that will take place in the library.
7. Semi-Finals Rules:
a. Elimination will take place first in the 2 – 3 grade category and then in the 4 – 6 category.
b. Chairs will be provided for all contestants and each contestant will be given a number (to be placed on each as an identification).
c. In each category, candidates will compete against each other.
d. Each contestant will stand when it is his or her turn, pronounce the word, and then spell it.
e. Any contestant who fails to spell a word will drop out. A new word will be given to the next in line.
f. Contestants may request the words to be re-pronounced or defined.
g. A contestant may stop and begin to re-spell the word, but the letters may not be changed. If there is a change in the letters already spelled, the entrant will be eliminated.
h. When there remain but two in the contest and one misses a word, the other must spell the word correctly and also a new word before he is declared the winner. If he missed either of the words, a new word will be given to the first speller and the contest will continue as before until a winner is selected.
i. There will be one pronouncer and one judge for each class.
j. The decision of the judges shall be final. The pronouncer will act as the final authority if a question arises.

8. The final competition will take place on April 8.

EVERY KID CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE WITH AN ACTION A DAY

Do You Know About the Millennium Development Goals ?

World leaders, in the year 2000, with the United Nations got together and made a plan to change the lives of millions of people living on less than $1 a day, suffering from extreme hunger, the violence of war, the pain of HIV/AIDS, malaria, lack of clean water and other profound hardships.

The plan involves you and me, along with the rest of the world, and it's called the Millennium Development Goals, or MDGs. The MDGs are 8 goals that if met, will make this world a better place, not just for those that are suffering, but for everyone. You can help reach the goals by taking simple actions and spreading the word.

It's not hard and it can actually be fun! So why not get started today.

MONDAY'S ACTION


Today is Monday and you can help reach Millennium Development Goal #1 by helping cut in half the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger by 2015!

If your mother and father earned just 1$ a day how would they buy your clothes, or food, your school supplies or even a safe place for your family to live? In Africa 72% of the people living in African cities live in slums.

Hunger is not just a problem for those living in other parts of the world. It is a problem in the United States too. Every night 1 out of every 8 children in the U.S. goes to bed hungry. 852 million people in the world are suffering from chronic or acute malnourishment.

In South Asia and Africa almost half of all kids under the age of 5 go to bed hungry.

If you're suffering from hunger you're malnourished. Malnourished means your body's not getting the right vitamins and nutrients it needs to keep you strong and healthy.

When you’re malnourished you can't think properly. You also can’t play games like other kids because you’re just too weak.

When you become so weak that you can't play games with your brothers and sisters and friends it means your body is also too weak to fight off sickness.

It's hard to imagine, but about every 3 seconds someone dies from hunger.

HERE ARE A FEW THINGS YOU CAN DO TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE

1. Go to this link http://fighthunger.org/home and click on the button that says "feed a child today". You will be sending a donation, through a sponsor, to a person suffering from hunger. You can do this as many times a day as you want and each time, someone gets to eat a meal they might not have had that day.

2. If you are trying to think of a great present to give someone, something they will never forget, go to http://www.heifer.org.
Through Heifer International you can, for as little as $10.00, buy a gift of rabbits or baby chicks or cows or a lot of other cool living animals to donate to a family in need.
The gift will be given in the name of the person you are buying it for and they can feel good about the contribution made in their name to help end poverty and hunger.

3. Go to http://www.food-force.com and play this fun computer game made by the United Nations World Food Program. It teaches you all about people who are hungry through a downloadable action game. It can also connect you to other kids around the world who are learning how they can help reach MDG #1.

4. Show your support with the official white wrist band of the Millennium campaign! The wrist band is an international symbol that lets everyone know you are doing your part in the fight against poverty. Make it known that there are "NO EXCUSES" for not reaching the MDGS. They come in a pack of ten for just $10.00 so you can share them with your classmates, friends or family! http://www.noexcuse2015.org/

5. Learn about a very successful MDG project helping one village at a time and ways you can participate in the project. http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_updates


The Difference Between Nuclear Fission & Nuclear Fusion

There are two types of atomic explosions that can be facilitated by Uranium-235: fission and fusion. Fission, simply put, is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus splits into fragments, usually two fragments of comparable mass, emitting 100 million to several hundred million volts of energy. This energy is expelled explosively and violently in the atomic bomb. A fusion reaction is usually started with a fission reaction, but unlike the fission (atomic) bomb, the fusion (hydrogen) bomb derives its power from the fusing of nuclei of various hydrogen isotopes into helium nuclei. This article discusses the A-bomb or atomic bomb.

The massive power behind the reaction in an atomic bomb arises from the forces that hold the atom together. These forces are akin to, but not quite the same as, magnetism.

About Atoms

Atoms are comprised of various numbers and combinations of the three sub-atomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons cluster together to form the nucleus (central mass) of the atom while the electrons orbit the nucleus much like planets around a sun. It is the balance and arrangement of these particles that determine the stability of the atom.

Splitability

Most elements have very stable atoms which are impossible to split except by bombardment in particle accelerators. For all practical purposes, the only natural element whose atoms can be split easily is uranium, a heavy metal with the largest atom of all natural elements and an unusually high neutron-to-proton ratio. This higher ratio does not enhance its "splitability," but it does have an important bearing on its ability to facilitate an explosion, making uranium-235 an exceptional candidate for nuclear fission.

Chain Reactions

A blow from a single neutron is enough to split the less-stable U-235 atom, creating atoms of smaller elements (often barium and krypton) and releasing heat and gamma radiation (the most powerful and lethal form of radioactivity). The chain reaction occurs when "spare" neutrons from this atom fly out with sufficient force to split other U-235 atoms they come in contact with. In theory, it is necessary to split only one U-235 atom, which will release neutrons which will split other atoms, which will release neutrons ... and so on. This progression is not arithmetic; it is geometric and takes place within a millionth of a second.

The minimum amount to start a chain reaction as described above is known as super critical mass. For pure U-235, it is 110 pounds (50 kilograms). No uranium is ever quite pure, however, so in reality more will be needed. U-235, U-238 and Plutonium.

About Plutonium

Uranium is not the only material used for making atomic bombs. Another material is the Pu-239 isotope of the man-made element plutonium. Plutonium is only found naturally in minute traces, so useable amounts must be produced from uranium. In a nuclear reactor, uranium's heavier U-238 isotope can be forced to acquire extra particles, eventually becoming the plutonium.

Plutonium will not start a fast chain reaction by itself, but this difficulty is overcome by having a neutron source, a highly radioactive material that gives off neutrons faster than the Plutonium itself. In certain types of bombs, a mixture of the elements Beryllium and Polonium is used to bring about this reaction. Only a small piece is needed (super critical mass is about 32 pounds, though as little as 22 can be used). The material is not fissionable in and of itself, but merely acts as a catalyst to the greater reaction.

Practice conversions for test on Friday.

http://www.math-drills.com/measurement/convert_all_meters_004.pdf
http://www.math-drills.com/measurement/convert_all_grams_004.pdf
http://www.math-drills.com/measurement/convert_all_volume_004.pdf

Este trimestre los niños se familiarizarán con el lenguaje icónico, interpretando los elementos que lo componen y creando historietas que atiendan a diferentes propósitos. De la misma manera, se desarrollarán habilidades relacionadas con la comprensión de textos dramáticos y destrezas para la expresión oral a través de presentaciones teatrales. El proceso de lectura estará enfocado hacia la descripción concisa y acertada de los eventos importantes en las escenas de una obra, en la interpretación de diálogos y acotaciones y en la elaboración de juicios críticos y propuestas textuales auténticas que se deriven de los eventos de la lectura. Finalmente, identificarán los componentes de una carta y su importancia como medio de comunicación a pesar de los adelantos y progresos de la sociedad. Por lo pronto, esta semana entre lunes y martes, según el horario de cada curso, estaré evaluando lo desarrollado en clase sobre el texto teatral. Deben aprender los contenidos presentados en el power point y ejercitarse en la comprensión de " La maldición de la momia" entendiendo a sus características como un texto dramático y diferenciándolo de una narración.

About this blog

Mathematics is a tool that all students, regardless of their career goals, will use throughout their lives. This blog provides opportunities for six graders to develop math skills while learning about the natural world.
Contents include practice worksheets, study guides for quices and exams, special assessments and homeworks and important information for parents and students about the school's activities.